(goes加动词什么形式)(goes加动词)

一般现在时

在英语中,不同时间里以不同方式发生的动作或存在的状态,要用不同的动词形式来表示,动词的这种不同形式称为动词的时态。

时态从时间上划分,可分为四大类:现在时;过去时;将来时;过去将来时。从行为上,每一类可以分为四种形式:一般式;进行式;完成式;完成进行式。这样英语的动词合起来,总共有十六种时态,初中只需掌握其中的八种时态。

1、一般现在时

(1)一般现在时表示现在的状态、习惯性的动作或主语所具备的性格和能力等。

① 当动词是be时,第一人称用am,第二人称用is,其他人称用are.

② 当动词是实义动词时,一般用动词原形,但如果主语是第三人称单数时,动词必须用第三人称单数形式,其变化规则如下:

变化规则

例 词

一般在动词词尾加-s,

makes drives

以s, x, ch, sh, o结尾的动词加-es

guesses goes

以辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i,再加-es

carries flies

助动词do(第三人称单数用does)构成否定句、疑问句及答语,但要注意助动词后原来的谓语动词要恢复原形。例如:

I like music. I don’t like music.

Do you like music? Yes, I do No, I don’t

(2)一般现在时的用法

① 表示经常、习惯性动作,常和often, usually, every day, sometimes, always等时间状语连用。如:

He goes to school by bus every day.

They often play football

② 表示能力、职业、特征。如:

Miss Gao teaches English.

Do you speak Japanese?

③ 表示客观存在。如:

The earth moves round the sun.

Time and tide wait for no man.

④ 表示已经安排好或计划好的事。如

The plane takes off at 7:30.

Classes begin at 8:00

⑤ 在时间状语和条件状语从句中,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。如:

If I see him, I’ll tell him to give you a call.

We’ll wait until he comes back.

注意:

a. 一般现在时的一些常见的时间状语有:always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, ever, never, every day, now and then, from time to time

b. 现在进行时有时用来代替一般现在时,表示一个经常性的重复的动作或状态。这时句中常带always, forever以表示说话人的某种感情,如赞叹、厌烦等。如:

He is always thinking of others.

He is always talking big.

一般过去时

(1)一般过去时表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。

① 当动词为be动词时,应该用相应的过去式:

am is ---- was are ---- were

否定形式为:was not ---- wasn’t were not ---- weren’t

疑问句是将was, were 置于主语之前。

I was in Grade Three last term.

I wasn’t in Grade Two last term.

Which grade were you in?

② 当动词为实义动词时,用动词的过去式,过去式的变化有规则和不规则变化。规则变化如下:

变化规则

例词

一般情况在词尾加-ed

worked

以-e结尾的在词尾加-d

used lived

以辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i再加-ed

studied carried

重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母的,双写此辅音字母再加-ed

stopped fitted

动词过去式的不规则变化需要逐个记忆。见初三教材后的不规则动词变化形式表。

go ---- went begin ---- began sleep ---- slept run ---- ran

I heard the good news just now.

The twins didn’t go to school last week

Did you see the film yesterday ?

(2)一般过去时的用法

① 表示过去某一时间或一段时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的状语连用:yesterday, last week, a minute ago, in 1998, just now, in those days等。例如:

They had a baby last month.

My mother was ill yesterday.

He went out just now.

② 用于since引导的从句,主句的谓语动词如果用现在完成时,since引导的从句一般要用一般过去时。如:

He has worked in the factory since it opened in 1990.

You haven’t changed much since we last met.

注意:

a. 表示过去的时间状语常见的有:yesterday, last night(week, year, month, Sunday), then, at that time, just now, a few days(weeks, months) ago.以及由after, before, when, while引导的的表示过去的时间状语。

b. 一般过去时可以用来表示现在的时间, 这主要用于日常会话,使用的语气较为婉转客气。如:

I wanted to ask if I could borrow your bike.

一般将来时

(1)一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示将来的时间状语连用:tomorrow, next week, next month, in a few days, from now on。如

I’m going to visit the museum this Sunday.

I’ll be there in half an hour.

We’ll arrive tomorrow.

(2)一般将来时的构成

① be going to + 动词原形。Be随主语人称和数的变化而变化,否定句在be后面加not, 疑问句是将be放到主语之后。例如:

It’s going to be fine tomorrow.

He isn’t going to speak at the meeting.

What are you going to do next?

② will +动词原形。Will可以和各种人称及数的主语连用。否定句在will后加not,缩写成won’t,疑问句需将will提至主语之前。例如:

We will have a basketball match next week.

Will you come to the party?

I son’t lend it to you.

③ shall + 动词原形。此结构常用于主语为第人称I / we的句中,疑问句表示提建议或征求意见。如:

When and where shall we meet ?

Shall I turn on the TV ?

(3) 一般将来时的基本用法。

① “be going to +动词原形”表示“意图”,即打算、计划要做某事。如:

Are you going to post the letter ?

How long is he going to stay here ?

② “be going to + 动词原形”还可以表示“预见”,即现在已有迹象表明将要发生的事。如:

There are a lot of clouds. It’s going to rain.

It’s 7:50. I’m going to be late.

③ “will + 动词原形”表示客观上要发生的事或表示“带意愿色彩的将来”。如:

He will help you if you ask him.

They will come back tomorrow.

过去将来时

过去将来时表示在过去将来的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于宾语从句中。其结构与一般将来时类似,只需将助动词改为过去式。

am/ is/ are going to + 动词原形→was/ were going to + 动词原形

will + 动词原形→ would + 动词原形

should + 动词原形 → should + 动词原形

例如:

You knew I would come.

He asked me when he would see me again.

Jim said he was going to see his friend the next day.

现在进行时 过去进行时

1、现在进行时

(1)现在进行时表示现在或现阶段正在发生或进行的动作。它是由“be + 动词的现在分词”构成。其否定句是在be之后加not。疑问句则将be提到主语之前。

(1)现在分词的构成

变化规则

例词

一般情况直接加-ing

do—doing help ---- helping

以不发音的e结尾的,去-e加-ing

take---taking have ---- having

重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母的,双写此辅音字母再加-ing

stop ---- stopping set ---- setting

begin----beginning drop---dropping

(3)现在进行时的用法。

① 表示说话时正在进行的动作。如:

What are you doing ? Who are you waiting for ?

I’m cooking

② 表示现阶段一直在进行的动作,但说话时不一定在进行。如:

He is working in a factory. She is translating look now.

③ 表示不断重复的动作。如:

The boy is always asking some strange questions.

The children are singing and dancing.

④ 表示位置移动的动词,可以用现在进行时表示将要发生的事。如go, come, leave, fly, start等。如:

When are you starting ? I’m leaving tomorrow.

2、过去进行时

过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。

过去进行时常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如:this time yesterday, at that time, then, last night, at 9:00 yesterday, all night等。其构成和现在进行时类似,只需将be变为相应的过去式:was/ were + 动词-ing。如:

What were you doing this time yesterday ?

When I was watering the garden, it began to rain.

I was watching TV.

I was writing while my mother was cooking.

难点:

① 过去进行时表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后,另一个过去的动作正在进行。过去进行时也可用来表示过去一段时间内持续发生的动作。如:

When I was watering the garden, it began to rain.

当我在花园浇水时,突然下雨了。

While we were having a party, the lights went out.

② 过去进行时还可以表示两个过去的动作同时进行,这时可用连接词while引导。如:

George was reading while his wife was listening to the radio.

③ “was going + 不定式”表示过去打算。如

He was going to be our team leader. 他原打算当我们的领队。

④ 过去进行时与一般过去的区别

过去进行时表示在过去一段时间正在进行的动作,而一般过去时表示一个完成的动作。如:

I was typing letters last night.

I typed some letters last night.

现在完成时(一)

(1)现在完成时表示某个动作发生在过去,但对现在有影响(或结果),这个动作或状态可能已经结束,也可能还要持续下去。

其构成形式是: have/ has + 动词过去分词

否定句在have/ has 后加not→haven’t/ hasn’t

疑问句要将have/ has放到主语之前。

(2)现在完成时的用法。

① 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。常用的时间状语有:already, yet, ever, never, just等。如:

I have already finished the work.

Have you ever been to Beijing?

He has never seen such a nice car.

② 表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。往往和表示一段时间的状语连用。如:

for + 时间段;

since + 时间点(表时间段);时间段+ago;一般过去时态。如:

I have taught in this school for ten years.

I have taught in this school since ten years ago.

③ for和since引导的短语都表示“一段时间”,所以谓语动词应该用延续性动词,不能用非延续性动词。延续性动词表示该动词可以延续一段时间,如:live, work, study, teach, stay等,非延续性动词是指该动词所表示的动作不能持续,是短暂的、瞬间完成的,如:borrow, come, arrive, get, leave, die等。

许多非延续性动词可以用意思相同或相近的延续性动词来表示:

leave ---- be away from arrive ---- be in

go ---- be away come ---- be in / at finish ---- be over

buy ---- have borrow ---- keep die ---- be dead

join ---- be in/be a member of begin ---- be on

如:He has gone He has been away for an hour

I have bought a watch I have had the watch for several days

④ have/ has been to 和 have/ has gone to

have/ has been to :曾去过

have/ has gone to :已去,去了(不在说话现场,在途中或已经到达)

My mother has been to America. 我妈妈曾经去过美国

My mother has gone to America. 我妈妈已经去了美国

(3)现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较

① 一般过去时只单纯表示过去,和现在不发生联系,它可以和确定的表示过去的时间状语连用。而现在完成时表示某一完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调的是现在的情况,所以不能和确定的过去的时间状语连用。如:

We have visited the farm(现在对农场有所了解)

We visited the farm last week(说明上周参观农场这件事)

② 如果询问某事发生的时间、地点只能用一般过去时。如:

When did you lose your cat ?

I lost it last night. I found it in the garden.

现在完成时(二) 、过去完成时

现在完成时难点:

① 由since引导的时间状语,它们的主句通常使用完成时态。

He has taught English since 1970.

It has been a long time since I last saw you.

② 只有在It is …since…这种结构中,主句的谓语才可用一般现在时,现在完成时或一般过去时。如:

It’s ten years since I left school.

It’s a long time since I saw you last.

③ 表示短暂性的动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,这类动词有:

begin, borrow, buy, close, come, die, fall, find, finish,

join, kill, lend, leave, sell, start, stop等,如:

不能说:His father has died for three years.

只能说:His father died three years ago.

不能说:He has left home for two months.

只能说:He left home two months ago.

④ 非延续性动词的否定形式可以表示状态的延续。可与for, since时间状语连用。如:

I haven’t seen him for a long time.

I haven’t heard from him since he left.

She hasn’t left home ever since she lost her job.

⑤ have(has) been 和have (has) gone的区别。

Have been to a place意思是“到过、去过”,表示曾到过某处,但现在人不在那儿;have gone to意思是“去了”,表示已经去了某地,现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿。如:

Has she ever been to Nanjing ?

You have never been there before, have you?

I have been to Guilin, I went there last year.

总之,have been to讲的是过去的情况,强调去过或没有,着重于到目前为止的一个结果,而have gone to指现在人在不在,只用于第三人称,不用于第一、第二人称,不能用来代替have been to.

2、过去完成时

(1)过去完成时表示在过去某一时间之前已经发生的动作或存在的状态。其结构是:had + 动词过去分词。否定、疑问句同现在完成时一样。

(2)用法

① 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即“过去的过去”。如:

The meeting had begun when we got there.

He said he had seen the film.

② 表示某一动作在过去某一时间已经开始,一直延续到过去的另一时间,常与for或since引导的时间状语连用。如:

The film had been on for tem minutes when we got there.

She said that she had made much progress since she came here.

动词时态的一致

时态的一致主要是指在主从复合句中,主句与从句之间的时态一致通常主句的时态决定从句的时态。原则是:当主句是现在时与将来时,从句的谓语根据具体情况可以使用任何时态。但是,当主句谓语使用过去时,从句必须使用过去时态。如下表:

主句谓语

从句谓语

含 义

一般现在时

现在进行时;一般现在时

主、从句的动作同时发生

一般将来时;will,can,may+动词

表示从句的动作在主句的动作之后发生

一般过去时

表示从句的动作在主句的动作之前发生

现在完成时

表示从句的动作在主句的动作之前发生

一般过去时

过去进行时;一般过去时

表示主、从句的动作同时发生

would,could,might + 动词

表示从句的动作在主句之后发生

过去完成时

表示从句的动作在主句动作之前发生

难点

1、宾语从句和间接引语与主句的时态一致,符合上述原则。但如果宾语从句表示客观事实和真理,即使主句谓语用过去时,从句的谓语也应该使用一般现在时:如:

Our teacher told us a little knowledge is dangerous

我们老师告诉我们一知半解是危险的。

He said that light travels faster than sound.

他说光传播速度比声音快。

2、有些形容词后可以跟从句,这种从句常看成宾语从句,它的主、从句时态也符合上述原则。这些形容词有:afraid, glad, sure, sorry, certain, aware, confident, delighted, lucky, surprised, worried。如:

I’m sure that he will succeed.

3、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句也要与主句的时态一致。如:

That is why he was late for school.

例题:

1. Miss Gao isn’t here. She _______ to the station to meet Mr Brown.

A. went B. has gone C. has been D. would go

2. ________ a letter from him since he left.

A. haven’t got B. didn’t receive C. didn’t have D. haven’t feel

3. When I came in, they______ games in the room.

A. were playing B. are playing C. played D. plays

4. Hurry up! The play ________ for ten minutes.

A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began



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